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CLICK HERE to DOWNLOAD: 22131 Downloads so far )Botany Syllabus IFoS Main Exam, 2021, 2022, 2023
Paper I : Botany for IFoS Mains Exam
Max. Marks: 200
Duration: 3 hours
1. Microbiology and Plant Pathology:
Viruses, bacteria, and plasmids-structure and reproduction. General account of infection, Phytoimmunology. Applications of
microbiology in agriculture, industry, medicine and pollution control in air, soil and
water.
Important plant diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi and nematodes. Mode of infection and dissemination. Molecular basis of infection and
disease resistance/defence. Physiology of parasitism and control measures. Fungal toxins.
2. Cryptogams:
Algae, Fungi, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes-structure and reproduction from evolutonary viewpoint. Distribution of Cryptogams in India and their economic
potential.
3. Phanerogams: Gymnosperms:
Concept of Progymonosperms. Classification and distribution of Gymnosperms. Salient features of Cycadales, Coniferrals and Gnetales,
their structures and reproduction. General account of Cycadofilicales, Bennettitales and
Cordaitales.
Angiosperms:
Systematics, anatomy, embryology, palynology and phylogeny.
Comparative account of various systems of Angiosperm Classiification. Study of
angiospermic families–Magnoliaceae, Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae (Cruci-ferae),
Rosaceae, Leguminosae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceaie, Dipterocar-paceae, Apiaceae
(Umbelliferae), Asclepiadaceae, Verbenaceae, Solana-ceae, Rubiaceae, Cucurbitaceae,
Asteraceae (Composite), Poaceae (Gramineae), Arecaceae (Palmae), Liliaceae,
Musaceae, Orchidaceae.
Stomata and their types. Anomalous secondary growth, Anatomy of C 3 and C 4
plants.
Development of male and female gametophytes, pollination, fertilization. Endosperm–
its development and function. Patterns of embryo development. Polyembryony,
apoxmix, Applications of palynology.
4. Plant Utility and Exploitation:
Origin of cultivated plants, Vavilov's centres of origin. Plants as sources for food,
fodder, fibres, spices, beverages, drugs, narcotics, insecticides, timber, gums, resins
and dyes.
Latex, cellulose Starch and their products. Perfumery. Importance of Ethnobotany in
Indian context. Energy plantation. Botanical Gardens and Herbaria.
5. Morphogenesis:
Totipotency, polarity, symmetry and differentiation. Cell, tissue, organ and protoplast culture. Somatic hybrids and Cybrids.
Paper II : Botany for IFoS Mains Exam
Max. Marks: 200
Duration: 3 hours
1. Cell Biology:
Techniques of Cell Biology. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells - structural and ultrastructural details. Structure and function of extra cellular matrix or
ECM (cell wall) and membranes-cell adhesion, membrane transport and vesicular
transport. Structure and function of cell organelles (chloroplasts, mitochondria, ER,
ribosome’s, embosoms, lysosomes, peroxisomes, hydrogenosome). Nucleus, nucleolus,
nuclear pore complex. Chromatin and nucleosome. Cell signalling and cell receptors.
Signal transduction (G-1 proteins, etc.). Mitosis and meisdosis; molecular basis of cell
cycle. Numerical and structural variations in chromosomes and their significance.
Study of polytene, lampbrush and B-chromosomes–structure, behaviour and
significance.
2. Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evolution:
Development of genetics, and gene versus allele concepts (Pseudoalleles). Quantitative genetics and multiple factors.
Linkage and crossing over–methods of gene mapping including molecular maps (idea
of mapping function). Sex chromosomes and sexlinked inheritance, sex determination
and molecular basis of sex differentiation. Mutation (biochemical and molecular basis).
Cytoplasmic inheritance and cytoplasmic genes (including genetics of male sterility).
Prions and prion hypothesis.
Structure and synthesis of nucleic acids and protines. Genetic code and regulation of
gene expression. Multigene families.
Organic evolution-evidences, mechanism and theories. Role of RNA in origin and
evolution.
3. Plant Breeding, Biotechnology and Biostatistics:
Methods of plant breeding --introduction, selection and hybridization (pedigree, backcross, mass selection, bulk
method). Male sterility and heterosis breeding. Use of apomixis in plant breeding.
Micropropagation and genetic engineering–methods of transfer of genes and transgenic
crops; development and use of molecular markers in plant breeding.
Standard deviation and coefficient of variation (CV). Tests of significance (Z-test, ttest
and chi-square tests). Probability and distributions (normal, binomial and Poisson
distributions). Correlation and regression.
4. Physiology and Biochemistry:
Water relations, Mineral nutrition and ion transport, mineral deficiencies. Photosynthesis–photochemical reactions, photophosphorylation
and carbon pathways including C pathway (photorespiration), C, C and CAM
pathways. Respiraion (anaerobic and aerobic, including fermentation-electron transport
chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Chemiosmotic theory and ATP synthesis.
Nitrogen fixation and nitrogen metabolism. Enzymes, coenzymes, energy transfer and
energy conservation. Importance of secondary metabolites. Pigments as photoreceptors
(plastidial pigments and phytochrome). Photoperiodism and flowering, vernalization,
senescence. Growth substances-their chemical nature, role and applications in agrihorticulture,
growth indices, growth movements. Stress physiology (heat, water,
salinity, metal). Fruit and seed physiology. Dormancy, storage and germination of
seed. Fruit ripening -- its molecular basis and manipulation.
5. Ecology and Plant Geography:
Ecological factors. Concepts and dynamics of community. Plant succession. Concepts of biosphere. Ecosystems and their
conservation. Pollution and its control (including phytoremediation).
Forest types of India -- afforestation, deforestation and social forestry. Endangered
plants, endemism and Red Data Books. Biodiversity. Convention of Biological
Diversity, Sovereign Rights and Intellectual Property Rights. Biogeochemical cyeles.
Global warming.
Recommended Textbooks:
Microbiology: Powars's two books on microbiology.
Pathology: Singh's book along with a foreign author.
Cryptograms:
Alage and Fungi - B.R. Vasista
Pteridophytes & Gymnosperms - P.C. Vashistha
Embryology:
Embryology - Bhojwani and Bhatnagar
Plant Anatomy - B.P. Pandey
Taxonomy - Nair
Cell Biology - De Robertis & Ambrose
Genetics - Strickberger
Physiology and Biochemistry - Salisbury and Ross
Ecology - Vir Bala
Economic Botany - Kochar
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