Welcome Student!
(
CLICK HERE to DOWNLOAD: 22131 Downloads so far )Chemistry Syllabus IFoS Main Exam, 2021, 2022, 2023
Paper I : Chemistry for IFoS Mains Exam
Max. Marks: 200
Duration: 3 hours
1. Atomic structure
Quantum theory, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, Schrödinger wave equation (time
independent). Interpretation of wave function, particle in one-dimensional box,
quantum numbers, hydrogen atom wave functions. Shapes of s, p and d orbitals.
2. Chemical bonding
Ionic bond, characteristics of ionic compounds, factors affecting stability of ionic
compounds, lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle; covalent bond and its general
characteristics, polarities of bonds in molecules and their dipole moments. Valence
bond theory, concept of resonance and resonance energy. Molecular orbital theory
(LCAO method); bonding in homonuclear molecules: H+2, H2 to Ne2, NO, CO, HF,
CN, CN-, BeH2 and CO2. Comparison of valence bond and molecular oribtal theories,
bond order, bond strength and bond length.
3. Solid State
Forms of solids, law of constancy of interfacial angles, crystal systems and crystal
classes (crystallographic groups). Designation of crystal faces, lattice structures and
unit cell. Laws of rational indices. Bragg's law. X-ray diffraction by crystals. Close
packing, radious ratio rules, calculation of some limiting radius ratio values. Structures
of NaCl, ZnS, CsCl, CaF2, CdI2 and rutile. Imperfections in crystals, stoichiometric
and nonstoichiometric defects, impurity defects, semi-conductors. Elementary study of
liquid crystals.
4. The gaseous state
Equation of state for real gases, intermolecular interactions, liquifictaion of gases and
critical phenomena, Maxwell's distribution of speeds, intermolecular collisions,
collisions on the wall and effusion.
5. Thermodynamics and statistical thermodynamics
Thermodynamic systems, states and processes, work, heat and internal energy; first law
of thermodynamics, work done on the systems and heat absorbed in different types of
processes; calorimetry, energy and enthalpy changes in various processes and their
temperature dependence.
Second law of thermodynamics; entropy as a state function, entropy changes in various
process, entropy–reversibility and irreversibility, Free energy functions; criteria for
equilibrium, relation between equilibrium constant and thermodynamic quantities;
Nernst heat theorem and third law of thermodynamics.
Micro and macro states; canonical ensemble and canonical partition function;
electronic, rotational and vibrational partition functions and thermodynamic quantities;
chemical equilibrium in ideal gas reactions.
6. Phase equilibria and solutions
Phase equilibria in pure substances; Clausius-Clapeyron equation; phase diagram for a
pure substance; phase equilibria in binary systems, partially miscible liquids–upper and
lower critical solution temperatures; partial molar quantities, their significance and
determination; excess thermodynamic functions and their determination.
7. Electrochemistry
Debye-Huckel theory of strong electrolytes and Debye-Huckel limiting Law for various equilibrium and transport properties.
Galvanic cells, concentration cells; electrochemical series, measurement of e.m.f. of
cells and its applications fuel cells and batteries.
Processes at electrodes; double layer at the interface; rate of charge transfer, current
density; overpotential; electroanalytical techniques–voltametry, polarography,
amperometry, cyclic-voltametry, ion selective electrodes and their use.
8. Chemical kinetics
Concentration dependence of rate of reaction; defferential and integral rate equations
for zeroth, first, second and fractional order reactions. Rate equations involving
reverse, parallel, consecutive and chain reactions; effect of temperature and pressure on
rate constant. Study of fast reactions by stop-flow and relaxation methods. Collisions
and transition state theories.
9. Photochemistry
Absorption of light; decay of excited state by different routes; photochemical reactions
between hydrogen and halogens and their quantum yields.
10. Surface phenomena and catalysis
Adsorption from gages and solutions on solid adsorbents, adsorption isotherms–
Langmuir and B.E.T. isotherms; determination of surface area, characteristics and
mechanism of reaction on heterogeneous catalysts.
11. Bio-inorganic chemistry
Metal ions in biological systems and their role in ion-transport across the membranes
(molecular mechanism), ionophores, photosynthesis–PSI, PSII; nitrogen fixation,
oxygen-uptake proteins, cytochromes and ferredoxins.
12. Coordination chemistry
(a) Electronic configurations; introduction to theories of bonding in transition metal
complexes. Valence bond theory, crystal field theory and its modifications;
applications of theories in the explanation of magnetism and electronic spactra of metal
complexes.
(b) Isomerism in coordination compounds. IUPAC nomenclature of coordination
compounds; stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 coordination numbers; chelate
effect and polynuclear complexes; trans effect and its theories; kinetics of substitution
reactions in square-planer complexes; thermodynamic and kinetic stability of
complexes.
(c) Synthesis and structures of metal carbonyls; carboxylate anions, carbonyl hydrides
and metal nitrosyl compounds.
(d) Complexes with aromatic systems, synthesis, structure and bonding in metal olefin
complexes, alkyne complexes and cyclopentadienyl complexes; coordinative
unsaturation, oxidative addition reactions, insertion reactions, fluxional molecules and
their characterization. Compounds with metal-metal bonds and metal atom clusters.
13. General chemistry of ‘f’ block elements
Lanthanides and actinides; separation, oxidation states, magnetic and spectral
properties; lanthanide contraction.
14. Non-Aqueous Solvents
Reactions in liquid NH3, HF, SO2 and H2SO4. Failure of solvent system concept,
coordination model of non-aqueous solvents. Some highly acidic media,
fluorosulphuric acid and super acids.
Paper II : Chemistry for IFoS Mains Exam
Max. Marks: 200
Duration: 3 hours
1. Delocalised covalent bonding :
Aromaticity, anti-aromaticity; annulenes, azulenes, tropolones, kekulene, fulvenes, sydnones.
2(a) Reaction mechanisms :
General methods (both kinetic and non-kinetic) of study
of mechanism or organic reactions illustrated by examples–use of isotopes, cross-over
experiment, intermediate trapping, stereochemistry; energy diagrams of simple organic
reactions–transition states and intermediates; energy of activation; thermodynamic
control and kinetic control of reactions.
(b) Reactive intermediates :
Generation, geometry, stability and reactions of
carbonium and carbanium ions, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, benzynes and
niternes.
(c) Substitution reactions :
SN1, SN2, SNi, SN1’, SN2’, SNi’ and SRN1
mechanisms; neighbouring group participation; electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions
of aromatic compound including simple heterocyclic compounds–pyrrole, thiophene,
indole.
(d) Elimination reactions :
E1, E2 and E1cB mechanisms; orientation in E2 reactions–Saytzeff and Hoffmann; pyrolytic syn elimination–acetate pyrolysis, Chugaev and
Cope eliminations.
(e) Addition reactions :
Electrophilic addition to C=C and C=C; nucleophilic addition to C=O, C=N, conjugated olefins and carbonyls.
(f) Rearrangements :
Pinacol-pinacolune, Hoffmann, Beckmann, Baeyer–Villiger, Favorskii, Fries, Claisen, Cope, Stevens and Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements.
3. Pericyclic reactions :
Classification and examples; Woodward-Hoffmann rules—
clectrocyclic reactions, cycloaddition reactions [2+2 and 4+2] and sigmatropic shifts
[1, 3; 3, 3 and 1, 5] FMO approach.
4. Chemistry and mechanism of reactions :
Aldol condensation (including directed aldol condensation), Claisen condensation, Dieckmann, Perkin, Knoevenagel, Witting,
Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, Cannizzaro and von Richter reactions; Stobbe, benzoin
and acyloin condensations; Fischer indole synthesis, Skraup synthesis, Bischler-
Napieralski, Sandmeyer, Reimer-Tiemann and Reformatsky reactions.
5. Polymeric Systems
(a) Physical chemistry of polymers :
Polymer solutions and their thermodynamic properties; number and weight average molecular weights of polymers. Determination
of molecular weights by sedimentation, light scattering, osmotic pressure, viscosity,
end group analysis methods.
(b) Preparation and properties of polymers :
Organic polymers–polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, Teflon, nylon, terylene, synthetic and natural rubber.
Inorganic polymers–phosphonitrilic halides, borazines, silicones and silicates.
(c) Biopolymers :
Basic bonding in proteins, DNA and RNA.
6. Synthetic uses of reagents :
OsO4, HIO4, CrO3, Pb(OAc)4, SeO2, NBS, B2H6, Na-Liquid NH3, LiAlH4, NaBH4 n-BuLi, MCPBA.
7. Photochemistry :
Photochemical reactions of simple organic compounds, excited and ground states, singlet and triplet states, Norrish-Type I and Type II reactions.
8. Principles of spectroscopy and applications in structure elucidation
(a) Rotational spectra–diatomic molecules; isotopic substitution and rotational
constants.
(b) Vibrational spectra–diatomic molecules, linear triatomic molecules, specific frequencies of functional groups in polyatomic molecules.
(c) Electronic spectra :
Singlet and triplet states. N–>* and –>* transitions; application to conjugated double bonds and conjugated carbonyls–Woodward-Fieser
rules.
(d) Nuclear magnetic resonance :
Isochronous and anisochronous protons; chemical shift and coupling constants; Application of 1H NMR to simple organic molecules.
(e) Mass spectra :
Parent peak, base peak, daugther peak, metastable peak, fragmentation of simple organic molecules;– cleavage, McLafferty rearrangement.
(f) Electron spin resonance :
Inorganic complexes and free radicals.
Recommended Textbooks:
Principles of physical chemistry - Puri
Advanced physical chemistry - Gurdeep Raj
A textbook of physical chemistry (Vol. - IV) - K.L. Kapoor
Organic Chemistry
Stereo Chemistry - O.P. Aggarwal
A guide to mechanism in organic chemistry - Peter Sykes
A text book of organic chemistry - Bahl & Bahl
Inorganic Chemistry
Principles of physical chemistry - Puri
Advanced inorganic chemistry - J.D. Lee
Selected topics in inorganic chemistry - Maden, Malik, Tuli
Theoretical principles of inorganic chemistry - G.S. Manku
Advanced inorganic chemistry - J.D. Lee
A text book of environmental chemistry and pollution - S.S. Dara
Disclaimer
IndiaExams.net provides the above information only to help the students. The students/candidates are suggested to contact UPSC for updated information.
At
NO point of time IndiaExams.net is responsible for any change in the information and
NOT liable for any consequential losses/damages.
