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CLICK HERE to DOWNLOAD: 22131 Downloads so far )Geology Syllabus IFoS Main Exam, 2021, 2022, 2023
Paper I : Geology for IFoS Mains Exam
Max. Marks: 200
Duration: 3 hours
Section-A
(i) General Geology
The Solar System, meteorities, origin and interior of the earth. Radioactivity and age of
earth; Volcanoes- causes and products, volcanic belts. Earthquakes-causes, effects,
earthquake belts, seismicity of India, intensity and magnitude, seismongraphs. Island
arcs, deep sea trenches and mid-ocean ridges. Continental drift-evidences and
mechanics; seafloor spreading, plate tectonics. Isostasy, orogeny and epeirogeny.
Continents and oceans.
(ii) Geomorphology and Remote Sensing
Basic concepts of geomorphology. Weathering and mass wasting. Landforms, slopes
and drainage. Geomorphic cycles and their interpretation. Morphology and its relation
to structures and lithology. Applications of geomorphology in mineral prospecting,
civil engineering,. hydrology and environmental studies. Geomorphology of Indian
subcontinent.
Aerial photographs and their interpretation-mertis and limitations. The
Electronmagnetic Spectrum. Orbiting satellites and sensor systems. Indian Remote
Sensing Sataellites. Satellites data products. Applications of remote sensing in geology.
The Geographic Information System and its applications. Global Positioning System.
(iii) Structural geology
Priniples of geologic mapping and map reading, projection diagrams, stress and strain
ellipsoid and stress-strain relationships of elastic, plastic and viscous materials. Strain
markers in deformed rocks. Behaviour of minerals and rocks under deformation
conditions. Folds and faults classification and mechanics. Structural analysis of folds,
foliations, lineations, joints and faults, unconformities. Superposed deformation. Timerelationship
between crystallization and deformation. Introduction to petrofabrics.
Section-B
(iv) Paleontology
Species- definition and nomenclature. Megafossils and Microfossils. Modes of
preservation of fossils. Different kinds of microfossils. Application of microfossils in
correlation, petroleum exploration, paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic studies.
Morphology, geological history and evolutionary trend in Cephalopoda, Trilobita,
Brachiopoda, Echinoidea and Anthozoa. Stratigraphic utility of Ammonoidea, Trilobita
and Graptoloidea. Evolutionary trend in Hominidae, Equidae and Proboscidae. Siwalik
fauna. Gondwana flora and its importance.
(v) Stratigraphy and Geology of India
Classification of stratigraphic sequences: lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic, chronostratigraphic
and magnetostratigraphic and their interrelationships. Distribution and
classification of Precambrian rocks of India. Study of stratigraphic distribution and
lithology of Phanerozoic rocks of India with reference to fauna, flora and economic
importance. Major boundary problems- Cambrian/Precambrian, Permian/Triassic,
Cretaceous/Tertiary and Pliocene/Pleistocene. Study of climatic conditions,
paleogeography and igneous activity in the Indian subcontinent in the geological past.
Tectonic framework of India. Evolution of the Himalayas.
(vi) Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology :
Hydrologic cycle and genetic classification of water. Movement of subsruface water. Springs. Porosity, permeability,
hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity and storage coefficient, classification of aquifers.
Water-bearing characteristics of rocks. Groundwater chemistry. Salt water intrusion.
Types of wells. Drainage basin morphometry. Exploration for groundwater.
Groundwater recharge. Problems and management of groundwater. Rainwater
harvesting. Engineering properties of rocks. Geological investigations for dams,
tunnels and bridges. Rock as construction material. Alkali-aggregate reaction.
Landslides-causes, prevention and rehabilitation. Earthquake-resistant structures.
Paper II : Geology for IFoS Mains Exam
Max. Marks: 200
Duration: 3 hours
Section-A
(i) Mineralogy
Classification of crystals into systems and classes of symmetry. International system of
crystallographic notation. Use of projection diagrams to represent crystal symmetry.
Crystal defects. Elements of X-ray crystallography.
Petrological microscope and accessories. Optical properties of common rock forming
minerals. Pleochroism, extinction angle, double refraction, birefringence, twinning and
dispersion in minerals.
Physical and chemical characters of rock forming slilicate mineral groups. Structural
classification of silicates. Common minerals of igneous and metamorphic rocks.
Minerals of the carbonate, phosphate, sulphide and halide groups.
(ii) Igneous ad Metamorphic Petrology
Generation and crystallisation of magma. Crystallisation of albite-anorthite, diopsideanorthite
and diopside-wollastonite-silica systems. Reaction principle., Magmatic
differentation and assimilation. Petrogenetic significance of the textures and structrues
of igneous rocks. Petrography and petrogenesis of granite, syenite, diorite, basic and
ultrabasic groups, charnockite, anorthosite and alkaline rocks. Carbonatites. Deccan
volcanic province.
Types and agents of metamporphism. Metamporphic grdes and zones. Phase rule.
Facies of regional and contact metamorphism. ACF and AKF diagrams. Textures and
structures of metamporphic rocks. Metamorphism of arenaceous, argillaceous and
basic rocks. Minerals assemblages Retrograde metamorphism. Metasomatism and
granitisation, migmatites, Granulite terrains of India.
(iii) Sedimentology
Sedimentary rocks:
Processes of formation. diagenesis and lithification. Properties of
sediments. Clastic and non-clastic rocks-their classification, petrography and
depositional environment. Sedimentary facies and provenance. Sedimentary structures
and their significance. Heavy minerals and their significance. Sedminetary basins of
India.
Section-B
(iv) Economic Geology
Ore, ore minerals and gangue, tenor of ore, classification of ore deposits. Process of
formation of minerals deposits. Controls of ore localisation. Ore textures and
structures. Metallogenic epochs and provinces. Geology of the important Indian
deposits of aluminium, chromium, copper, gold, iron, lead zinc, manganese, titanium,
uranium and thorium and industrial minerals. Deposits of coal and petroleum in India.
National Mineral Policy. Conservation and utilization of mineral resources. Marine
mineral resources and Law of Sea.
(v) Mining Geology
Methods of prospecting-geological, geophysical, geochemical and geobotanical.
Techniques of sampling. Estimation of reserves or ore. Mehtods of exploration and
mining metallic ores, industrial minerals and marine mineral resources. Mineral
beneficiation and ore dressing.
(vi) Geochemistry and Environmental Geology
Cosmic abundance of elements. Composition of the planets and meteorites. Structure
and compostion of earth and distribution of elements. Trace elements. Elements of
crystal chemistry-types of chemical bonds, coordination number. Isolmorphism and
polymorphism. Elementary thermodynamics.
Natural hazards-floods, landslides, coastal erosion, earthquakes and volcanic activity
and mitigation. Environmental impact of urbanization, open cast mining, industrial and
radioactive waste disposal, use of fertilizers, dumping of mine waste and fly-ash.
Pollution of ground and surface water, marine pollution Environment protectionlegislative
measures in India.
Recommended Textbooks:
Geology: An Introduction - Kronaris and Krambine
Text Book of Geology - P.K. Mukherjee
Text Book of Physical Geology - Mahapatra
Geomorphology - Woolridge or Tharnbury
Principles of Petrology - G.W. Turrel
Petrography - Williams
Mineral and Crystal Science - V.C. Jesh
Sedimentary Rocks - Petti John
Underground Hydrology - David Keith Toad
Igneous Rocks and Metromorphic Petrology - Turner
Ocean - Johnson and Bliming
Simple Geological Structure - Plate and Charlincr
Soil Minerology - I. E. Grim
A Dictionary of Geology - Morrison
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