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Maharashtra HSC (Maharashtra Intermediate/11th/12th/Junior College), 2021, 2022, 2023
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Class XI CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS FOR Maharashtra HSC, 2021, 2022, 2023
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Unit 1: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
General Introduction: Importance and
scope of chemistry. Historical approach to
particulate nature of matter, laws of
chemical combination, Dalton’s atomic
theory : concept of elements, atoms and
molecules. Atomic and molecular masses
mole concept and molar mass : Avogadro’s
law and Avogadro number, percentage
composition, empirical and molecular
formula, chemical reactions, stoichiometry
and calculations based on stoichimetry.
Unit 2 :States of matter : Gases and liquids
Three states of matter. Intermolecular
interactions, type of bonding. Role of gas
laws in elucidating the concept of the
molecule, Boyle’s law, Charles law, Gay
Lussac’s law. Ideal behaviour, empirical
derivation of gas equation. Ideal gas
equation. Deviation from ideal behaviour,
liquefaction of gases. Critical temperature.
Kinetic energy and molecular speeds
(elementary idea) Liquid State – Vapour
pressure, viscosity and surface tension
(qualitative idea only, no mathematical
derivations).
Unit 3 : Structure of atom
Discovery of electron, proton and neutron;
atomic number, isotopes and isobars.
Rutherford’s model and its limitations,
Bohr’s model and its limitations, concept
of shells and subshells, dual nature of
matter and light, de Broglie’s relationship,
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, concept
of orbitals, quantum numbers, shapes of s,
p and d orbitals, rules for filling electrons
in orbitals – Aufbau principle, Pauli’s
exclusion principle and Hund’s rule,
electronic configuration of atoms, stability
of half filled and completely filled orbitals.
Unit 4 : Periodic table
Significance of classification, brief history
of the development of periodic table,
modern periodic law and present form of
periodic table, periodic trends in properties
of elements atomic radii, ionic radii. Inert
gas radii nomenclature of elements with
atomic number greater than 100.Enthalpy:
Explanation and definition of term.
Ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy,
electronegativity, valence.
Unit 5: Redox reactions
Concept of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, Balancing
redox reactions, in terms of loss and gain
of electrons and change in oxidation
number.
Unit 6: Chemical equilibrium
Equilibrium in physical and chemical
processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium,
law of mass action, equilibrium constant,
factors affecting equilibrium, Le Chatelier’s
principle.
Ionic equilibrium: Ionization of acids and
bases, strong and weak electrolytes, degree
of ionization, ionization of polybasic acids,
acid strength, concept of pH. Hydrolysis
of salts (elementary idea). Buffer solutions,
solubility product, common ion effect (with
illustrative examples.) Handerson equation.
Unit 7 : Surface chemistry
Adsorption – physisorption and
chemisorption; factors affecting adsorption
of gases on solids; catalysis : homogenous
and heterogeneous, activity and selectivity:
enzyme catalysis; colloidal state :
distinction between true solutions, colloids
and suspensions; Lyophilic, Lyophobic,
multimolecular and macromolecular
colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall
effect, Brownian movement,
electrophoresis, coagulation; emulsion –
types of emulsions. Elementary idea of
nanomaterials.
Unit 8 : Nature of chemical bond
Valence electrons, ionic bond, Born Haber
cycle : covalent bond parameters. Lewis
structure, polar character of covalent bond,
covalent character of ionic bond, valence
bond theory, resonance, geometry of
covalent molecules, VSEPR theory,
concept of hybridization involving s, p
and d orbitals and shapes of some simple
molecules, molecular orbital theory of
homonuclear diatomic molecules
(qualitative idea only), hydrogen bond.
Unit 9 : Hydrogen
Position of hydrogen in periodic table,
occurrence, isotopes, preparation,
properties and uses of hydrogen; hydridesionic,
covalent and interstitial; physical
and chemical properties of water, heavy
water. Hydrogen peroxide- preparation,
properties and structure; hydrogen as a
fuel. Uses of hydrogen peroxide.
Unit 10: s-Block elements (Alkali and alkaline earth metals)
Group 1 and Group 2 elements :
General introduction, electronic
configuration, occurrence, anomalous
properties of the first element of each
group, diagonal relationship, trends in the
variation of properties (such as ionization
enthalpy, atomic and ionic radii), trends in
chemical reactivity with oxygen, water,
hydrogen and halogens; uses. Preparation
and properties of some important
compounds: Sodium carbonate, sodium
hydroxide and sodium hydrogen carbonate,
biological importance of sodium and
potassium. Calcium oxide and calcium
carbonate and industrial uses of lime and
limestone, biological importance of
Magnesium and Calcium.
Unit 11 : p-Block elements
Group Introduction to p-Block elements
Group 13 elements :
General introduction, electronic
configuration, occurrence. Variation of
properties, oxidation states, trends in
chemical reactivity, anomalous properties
of first element of the group. Boronphysical
and chemical properties, some
important compounds: borax, boric acids,
boron hydrides. Aluminium; uses, reactions
with acids and alkalies.
Group 14 elements :
General introduction, electronic
configuration, occurrence, variation of
properties, oxidation states, trends in
chemical reactivity, anomalous behavior
of first element. Carbon – catenation,
allotropic forms, physical and chemical
properties; uses of some important
compounds; oxides. Important compounds
of silicon and their uses: silicon
tetrachloride, silicones, silicates and
zeolites and structure of silicates.
Unit 12: Basic principles and techniques in organic chemistry
General introduction, methods of
qualitative and quantitative analysis,
Classification and IUPAC nomenclature
of organic compounds. Melting point and
boiling point. Electronic displacements in
a covalent bond; inductive effect,
electromeric effect, resonance and hyper
conjugation.Homolytic and heterolytic
fission of a covalent bond; free
radicals,carbocations, carbanions;
electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of
organic reactions.
Unit 13 : Alkanes
Classification of hydrocarbons –
Nomenclature, isomerism, conformations
(ethane only), physical properties, chemical
reactions including free radical mechanism
of halogenation, combustion and pyrolysis.
Unit 14 : Alkenes
Nomenclature, structure of double bond
(ethane), geometrical isomerism, physical
properties, methods of preparation.
Chemical reactions; addition of hydrogen,
halogen, water, hydrogen halides
(Markovnikoff’s addition and peroxide
effect) ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism
of electrophilic addition.
Unit 15: Alkynes
Nomenclature, structure of triple bond
(ethylene), physical properties. Methods
of preparation, chemical reactions: acidic
character of alkynes, addition reaction of
– hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides,
water.
Unit 16 : Aromatic compounds
Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature;
benzene; resonance aromaticity; chemical
properties; mechanism of electrophilic
substitution. – nitration, sulphonaiton,
halogenation, Friedel Craft alkylation and
acylation; Carcinogenicity and toxicity.
UNIT-17: Environmental chemistry
Environmental pollution- air, water and
soil pollution, chemical reactions in
atmosphere, smog, major atmospheric
pollutants, acid rain, ozone and its
reactions, effects of depletion of ozone
layer, green house effect and global
warming. Pollution due to industrial
wastes, green chemistry as an alternative
tool for reducing pollution, strategy for
control of environmental pollution.