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Announcement: SYJC (12th): Circle, Conics and Bivariate frequency distribution chapters have been removed from SYJC (12th) Maths syllabus from academic years 2013-14. Class XII CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS FOR Maharashtra HSC, 2021, 2022, 2023
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Unit 1: Solid State
Classification of solids based on different
forces; molecular, ionic, covalent and
metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline
solids (elementary idea), unit cell in two
dimensional and three dimensional lattices,
calculation of density of unit cell, packing
in solids, voids, number of atoms per unit
cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects,
electrical and magnetic properties, Band
theory of metals, conductors and
semiconductors and insulators and n
and p type semiconductors.
Unit 2 : Solutions and colligative properties
Types of solutions, expression of
concentration of solids in liquids, solubility
of gases in liquids, solid solutions,
colligative properties –relative lowering
of vapor pressure,Raoult’s law elevation
of boiling point, depression of freezing
point, osmotic pressure, determination of
molecular masses using colligative
properties, abnormal molecular mass.Van’t
Hoff factor and calculations involving
it.
Unit 3 :Chemical thermodynamics and energetic
Concepts of system, types of systems,
surroundings. Work, heat, energy, extensive
and intensive properties, state functions.
First law of thermodynamics – internal
energy and enthalpy, Hess’ law of constant
heat summation, enthalpy of bond
dissociation, combustion, formation,
atomization, sublimation. Phase transition,
ionization and solution and dilution
Introduction of entropy as a state function,
free energy change for spontaneous and
non spontaneous processes, and
equilibrium constant. Second and third
law of thermodynamics.
Unit 4: Electrochemistry
Redox reactions, conductance in
electrolytic solutions, specific and molar
conductivity, variations of conductivity
with concentration, Kohlrausch’s Law,
electrolysis and laws of electrolysis
(elementary idea), dry cell –electrolytic
and galvanic cells; lead accumulator, EMF
of a cell, standard electrode potential,
Nernst equation and its application to
chemical cells, fuel cells; corrosion.
Relation between Gibb’s energy change
and emf of a cell.
Unit 5: Chemical kinetics
Rate of reaction (average and
instantaneous), factors affecting rate of
reaction; concentration, temperature,
catalyst; order and molecularity of a
reaction; rate law and specific rate constant,
integrated rate equations and half life (only
for zero and first order reactions); concept
of collision theory (elementary idea, no
mathematical treatment). Activation
energy, Arrhenius equation.
Unit 6 :General principles and processes of isolation of elements
Principles and methods of extraction –
concentration, oxidation, reduction
electrolytic method and refining;
occurrence and principle of extraction of
aluminium, copper, zinc and iron.
Unit 7: p-Block elements Group 15 elements:
General introduction, electronic
configuration, occurrence, oxidation states,
trends in physical and chemical properties;
nitrogen – preparation, properties and uses;
compounds of nitrogen; preparation and
properties of ammonia and nitric acid,
oxides of nitrogen (structure only);
Phoshorous-allotropic forms; compounds
of phosphorous; preparation and properties
of phosphine, halides (PCl3,PCl5) and
oxoacids (elementary idea only).
Group 16 elements:
General introduction, electronic
configuration, oxidation states, occurrence,
trends in physical and chemical properties;
dioxygen; preparation, properties and uses;
Classification of oxides, simple oxides;
Ozone.
Sulphur – allotropic forms; compounds of
sulphur; preparation, properties and uses
of sulphur dioxide; sulphurc acid; industrial
process of manufacture, properties and
uses, oxoacids of sulphur (structures only).
Group 17 elements:
General introduction, electronic
configuration, oxidation states, occurrence,
trends in physical and chemical properties;
compounds of halogens; preparation,
properties and uses of chlorine and
hydrochloric acid, interhalogen
compounds, oxoacids of halogens
(structure only).
Group 18 elements:
General introduction, electronic
configuration. Occurrence, trends in
physical and chemical properties, uses.
Unit 8 : d and f Block Elements d-Block Elements -
General introduction, electronic
configuration, occurrence and
characteristics of transition metals, general
trends in properties of the first row
transition metals – metallic character,
ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic
radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic
properties, interstitial compounds, alloy
formation preparation and properties of
K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4.
f-Block elements
Lanthanoids – Electronic configuration,
oxidation states, chemical reactivity and
lanthanoid contraction and its
consequences. Actinoids – Electronic
configuration, oxidation states.
Comparison with lanthanoids.
Unit 9: Coordination compounds
Coordination compounds – Introduction,
ligands, coordination number, colour,
magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC
nomenclature of mononuclear coordination
compounds, bonding; Werner’s theory,
VBT, CFT. isomerism, (structural and
stereo) importance of coordination
compounds (in qualitative analysis,
extraction of metals and biological
systems).
Unit 10 : Halogen derivatives of alkanes (and arenes) Haloalkanes :
Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond,
physical and chemical properties,
mechanism of substitution reactions.
Stability of carbocations,R-S and d-l
configuration
Haloarenes :
Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions
(directive influence of halogen for
monosubstituted compounds only) stability
of carbocations, R-S and d-l
configurations. Uses and environmental
effects of – dichloromethane,
thrichloromethane, tetrachloromethane,
iodoform, freons, DDT.
Unit 11 : Alcohols, phenols and ethers Alcohols :
Nomenclature, methods of preparation,
physical and chemical properties (of
primary alcohols only); identification of
primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols;
mechanism of dehydration, uses of
methanol and ethanol. Phenols:
Nomenclature, methods of preparation,
physical and chemical properties, acidic
nature of phenol, electrophillic substitution
reactions, uses of phenols. Ethers :
Nomenclature, methods of preparation,
physical and chemical properties, uses.
Unit 12 : Aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids Aldehydes and ketones :
Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group,
methods of preparation. Physical and
chemical properties, mechanism of
nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha
hydrogen in aldehydes; uses. Carboxylic acids :
Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of
preparation, physical and chemical
properties; uses.
Unit 13: Organic compounds containing nitrogen
Nitro compounds-General methods of
preparation and chemical reactions Amines :
Nomenclature, classification, structure,
methods of preparation, physical and
chemical properties, uses, identification of
primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
Cyanides and isocyanides:
Will be mentioned at relevant places in
context. Diazonium salts:
Preparation, chemical reactions and
importance in synthetic organic chemistry.
Unit 14: Biomolecules Carbohydrates:
Classification (aldoses and ketoses),
monosaccahrides d-l configuration
(glucose and fructose), oligosaccharides
(sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides
(starch, cellulose, glycogen), importance. Proteins:
Elementary idea of ??-amino acids, peptide,
linkage, polypeptides, proteins; structure
of amines-primary, secondary, tertiary
structure and quaternary structures
(qualitative idea only), denaturation of
proteins; enzymes. Lipids and hormones (elementary idea)
excluding structure, their classification and
functions. Vitamins: Classification and functions. Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA.
Unit 15: Polymers
Classification - natural and synthetic,
methods of polymerization (addition and
condensation), copolymerization. Some
important polymers; natural and synthetic
like polythene, nylon, polyesters, bakelite,
and rubber. Biodegradable and non
biodegradable polymers.
Unit 16: Chemistry in everyday life : 1. Chemicals in medicines : analgesics,
tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants,
antimicrobials, antifertility drugs,
antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines
elementary idea of antioxidants 2. Chemicals in food : Preservatives,
artificial sweetening agents. 3. Cleansing agents : Soaps and detergents,
cleansing action.
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